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Florence Bascom
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Florence Bascom : ウィキペディア英語版
Florence Bascom

Florence Bascom (July 14, 1862 – June 18, 1945) was an American geologist known for her innovative use of petrography in studying crystalline rocks and identifying their origins. In 1896, she became the first woman hired by the United States Geological Survey.
==Early life and education==
She was born in Williamstown, Massachusetts on July 14, 1862. Her father, John Bascom, was a professor at Williams College, and later President of University of Wisconsin-Madison〔 and her mother, Emma Curtiss Bascom, was a women's rights activist involved in the suffrage movement. Her parents were steadfast supporters of women's rights and encouraged women to obtain a college education. Florence Bascom earned a B.A. and a B.Litt. degree in 1882, and her B.S. in 1884 from the University of Wisconsin, and stayed there to obtain her M.S. degree in 1887.〔 She was the first woman to receive a Ph.D from Johns Hopkins University, which she did in 1893. While studying at Johns Hopkins she was forced to sit behind a screen so as not to disturb the men.〔 She was the second American woman to earn a Ph.D. in geology. She started her college teaching career in 1884 at the Hampton School of Negroes and American Indians (currently known as Hampton University), working there for a year before going back to university of Wisconsin for her masters. Once completed with her masters she taught mathematics and science at Rockford College from 1887 to 1889, and later at Ohio State University from 1893 to 1895.〔 Leaving Ohio State University to work at Bryn Mawr College where she could pursue being able to conduct original research, and teach higher level Geology courses. There she founded the Department of Geology,〔 and started a graduate program that trained many of the first women geologists of the 20th century.〔 Bascom retired from teaching in 1928 but continued to work at the U.S. Geological Survey until 1936.

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